World History (Grades 9–10) Midterm — Units 3–4

Part 1: Multiple Choice

1. Why did Galileo face trial by the Church in 1633?
   1. A. He refused to use a telescope
   2. B. He invented the printing press
   3. C. He supported the idea that Earth moves around the sun
   4. D. He denied that the moon existed
2. What did Copernicus propose?
   1. A. The planets move in perfect squares
   2. B. The sun, not Earth, is at the center of the solar system
   3. C. Earth is the center of the universe
   4. D. The moon produces its own light
3. Why did Thomas Hobbes support a strong ruler?
   1. A. He believed people were naturally good and peaceful
   2. B. He believed democracy was the safest system
   3. C. He believed people without government would live in chaos
   4. D. He believed the Church should govern society
4. What did John Locke say people could do if a government violated their natural rights?
   1. A. Ask the Church to choose a new ruler
   2. B. Appeal only to the king for mercy
   3. C. Give up their rights permanently
   4. D. Change or overthrow the government
5. What was the Napoleonic Code?
   1. A. A list of rights for enslaved people
   2. B. A military plan to invade Britain
   3. C. A treaty ending the French Revolution
   4. D. A unified system of laws for France
6. Why is the Haitian Revolution significant?
   1. A. It was the first revolution in South America
   2. B. It was led by Simón Bolívar
   3. C. It returned Haiti to French control
   4. D. It was the first successful slave revolt to create an independent nation
7. Voltaire is best known for defending what?
   1. A. Freedom of speech and religious tolerance
   2. B. The divine right of kings
   3. C. Strict state control of trade
   4. D. An official national religion
8. Isaac Newton is best known for what?
   1. A. Discovering the circulation of blood
   2. B. Proving Earth was flat
   3. C. Inventing the microscope
   4. D. Laws of motion and universal gravitation
9. What was the Reign of Terror (1793-1794)?
   1. A. A war between France and Britain
   2. B. Napoleon's invasion of Russia
   3. C. A period when thousands were executed as enemies of the Revolution
   4. D. The storming of the Bastille
10. In pre-revolutionary France, who belonged to the Third Estate?
    1. A. The clergy of the Catholic Church
    2. B. The king and royal family
    3. C. Commoners, from peasants to wealthy merchants
    4. D. The nobility
11. How did railroads affect industrialization?
    1. A. They cut the cost and time of moving goods
    2. B. They were used only for carrying passengers
    3. C. They slowed the growth of factories
    4. D. They made canals more important
12. What did James Watt improve in the 1760s-1770s?
    1. A. The cotton gin
    2. B. The steam engine
    3. C. The telegraph
    4. D. The spinning jenny
13. Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations argued for what?
    1. A. A free market with little government interference
    2. B. High tariffs to protect industry
    3. C. A return to farming economies
    4. D. Government ownership of all factories
14. What was a goal of the British Factory Act of 1833?
    1. A. To limit child labor in textile factories
    2. B. To raise tariffs on imported cotton
    3. C. To ban labor unions
    4. D. To end the use of steam power
15. Which factor helped the Industrial Revolution begin in Great Britain?
    1. A. A shrinking population
    2. B. A lack of overseas colonies
    3. C. Laws banning private banks
    4. D. Large supplies of coal and iron
16. Which was a major social effect of the Industrial Revolution?
    1. A. Fewer people working outside the home
    2. B. A decline in city populations
    3. C. The end of child labor in factories
    4. D. Rapid growth of cities
17. Which industry was the first to be widely mechanized?
    1. A. Steel
    2. B. Electricity
    3. C. Automobiles
    4. D. Textiles
18. How did the enclosure movement contribute to industrialization?
    1. A. It gave more land to small farmers
    2. B. It required all workers to stay in villages
    3. C. It pushed small farmers off land and into cities
    4. D. It banned the use of new farm machines
19. Why did workers form labor unions?
    1. A. To help factory owners lower wages
    2. B. To replace workers with machines
    3. C. To stop the building of railroads
    4. D. To bargain for better wages and working conditions
20. What did Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels predict in The Communist Manifesto (1848)?
    1. A. Factory owners would share profits willingly
    2. B. Nations would return to feudalism
    3. C. Workers would overthrow capitalists and create a classless society
    4. D. Free markets would end all poverty

Part 2: Written Response

21. Evaluate whether the Industrial Revolution improved life for ordinary workers in the 1800s.